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 Varanus tristis 
 (Schlegel, 1839) 

-Black Headed Monitor

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Varanus tristis- Female- Perth Hills Locality
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Varanus tristis is a medium-sized Australian monitor with a typical snout-vent length (excluding the tail) of around 30cm in adults. However, there is a large variety of localities for this species, and sizes can vary.

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The coloration of tristis monitors is varied between localities. In general, adults are typically dark brown to dark grey, with ocelli. As adults, their colors may wash out, and the head and tails become darker than the overall body. Some specific localities, such as "Perth Hills," can become exceptionally dark, almost black, across their entire body.

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Physically, tristis monitors have a long rounded tail and a longer body, which is typical of more arboreal monitors.

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The distribution of tristis monitors is extensive across Australian arid regions, up to savannah and tropical areas. They are described in many varied habitats, ranging from rock outcrops and sparse woodlands to forests. They are typically found hiding under rocks, in rock crevices, under bark on trees, in hollows, or under fallen logs.

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Tristis monitors are readily available in the Australian hobby, but finding some specific localities can be more difficult. In captivity, their personality can vary. Some individuals remain quiet and reserved, while others become very outgoing. Overall, they are easily habituated to human contact. Tong and hand feeding can be established with most individuals, regardless of locality.

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Here are the revised husbandry guidelines for Varanus tristis:

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Enclosure size: Tristis monitors, being semi-arboreal, will utilize both terrestrial and vertical spaces for climbing. Due to the size variation within the species, there is flexibility in recommended enclosure dimensions. However, a starting point for adult pairs is typically 1m x 1m x 1m.

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Substrate and furnishings: Sand and soil substrate are suitable for this species. Providing plenty of hollows for hides or rock stacks for them to hide amongst is important. Scattering leaf litter on the floor also keeps them occupied for foraging.

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Temperatures and lighting: Adequate UVB lighting is essential. A basking hot spot with a bright lamp directed onto a rock or tiles should have a temperature of around 50-65°C. The ambient heat gradient over the rest of the enclosure should be around 28-33°C during the warmer active months.

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Humidity: Due to the wide range of habitats, some adjustments based on locality are advised. Regular misting in the warmer months can help maintain humidity. Humidity hides should be provided for this species.

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Feeding: The bulk of their diet should consist of crickets, wood roaches, and other insects. Regular dusting of calcium powder and vitamins is necessary. Occasionally, you can include chopped pinkie mice, lean turkey or chicken mince, chopped chicken hearts, boiled chicken eggs, quail eggs, and chopped day-old quail. Maintaining a well-balanced variety is important.

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Life span: The recorded life span of Varanus tristis in captivity is around 12-15 years.

Varanus tristis- Male- 1yo- Alice Springs Locality

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